A presente pesquisa, DEFESA AEROESPACIAL E ABATE DE AERONAVES: UMA ANÁLISE POLÍTICO-JURÍDICA, baseada em pesquisa qualitativa, documental e bibliográfica, sob a égide do método hipotético dedutivo, tem por objetivo verificar se o aparato normativo brasileiro referente ao abate de aeronaves viabiliza a defesa eficaz do espaço aéreo ante ameaças de aeronaves hostis. Como é cediço, o espaço aéreo é locus de vulnerabilidade para questões de segurança e defesa, uma vez que, por seu intermédio, podem ser realizadas agressões contra o Estado nacional, seus cidadãos, bens e interesses. Entendendo-se o abate de aeronaves como o meio coercitivo de que se vale o Estado para impedir o prosseguimento do voo de aeronaves classificadas como hostis, constata-se que o abate de aeronaves é uma medida imprescindível para a preservação da defesa nacional. Cumpre esclarecer que o abate de aeronaves não se confunde com a pena de morte. O abate de aeronave possui diferenças ontológica, teleológica e consequencial em relação à pena de morte. Destarte, a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 e os Tratados Internacionais (Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos, Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Civis e Políticos, etc) não obstam o abate de aeronaves. Contudo, o procedimento deve ser utilizado como ultima ratio, objetivando apenas impedir o prosseguimento do voo da aeronave classificada como hostil, e em voos que não contenham vítimas a bordo. Com relação aos que contenham vítimas a bordo, adequados são os ensinamentos do Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemão, no sentido de que o Estado não pode decidir quais vidas valem mais, as em voo (tripulação e passageiros) ou as em superfície (demais cidadãos). No Brasil, o abate de aeronaves está previsto no Código Brasileiro de Aeronáutica em seu artigo 303, no entanto, o dispositivo necessita de regulamentação legal para ser aplicado. Atualmente o Decreto nº 5.144/2004 disciplinou o abate de aeronaves, mas restringiu sua aplicação, tão somente, para as hipóteses de aeronaves suspeitas de tráfico ilícito de entorpecentes, corolário lógico, para uma séria de outras questões muito mais graves que o tráfico de entorpecentes, tais como terrorismo, não existe regulamentação, fazendo com que os nacionais, bens e interesses pátrios fiquem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Nessa esteira de intelecção, malgrado o Brasil possuir os meios operacionais (pessoal treinado, radares, aviões, helicópteros, etc) para fazer frente as ameaças via espaço aéreo nacional, não possui os meios jurídicos. Para solucionar a questão é necessário que seja confeccionado um ato normativo que amplie as hipóteses de cabimento do abate de aeronaves, salvaguardando a defesa dos interesses, bens, cidadãos e serviços nacionais. Ver menos

Abstract: The present research, AEROSPACE DEFENSE AND SHOOT DOWN: A LEGAL ANALYSIS, based on documentary and bibliographical research, has the objective of verifying the existence in Brazil of a normative apparatus that makes possible the effective defense of the airspace against the threats of hostile aircraft. As it is, air space is a locus of vulnerability for security and defense issues, since aggressions against the national State, its citizens, assets and interests can be carried out through it. Since shoot down aircraft is understood as the coercive means used by the State to prevent the continued flight of aircraft classified as hostile aircraft, it is noted that the shoot down aircraft is an essential measure for the preservation of national security. It should be clarified that the shoot down aircraft is not confused with the death penalty. The shoot down aircraft has ontological, teleological and consequential differences in relation to the death penalty. Thus, the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 and the International Treaties (American Convention on Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, etc.) do not impede the shoot down aircraft. However, the procedure should be used as ultima ratio, with the sole aim of preventing the flight of the aircraft classified as hostile, and on flights which do not contain victims on board. With regard to flights containing victims on board, adequate are the teachings of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the German Federal Constitutional Court has learned that the State can not decide which lives are worth more, in flight (crew and passengers) or surface (other citizens). In Brazil, the shoot down aircraft is provided for in the Brazilian Aeronautical Code in its article 303, however, the device needs legal regulation to be applied. At present, Decree 5,144 / 2004 has disciplined the shoot down aircraft, but restricted its application only to the hypothesis of aircraft suspected of illicit traffic in narcotics, a logical corollary, to a series of other issues that are much more serious than the traffic in narcotics, such as terrorism, there is no regulation, making the nationals, assets and interests of the country vulnerable. In this process of understanding, even though Brazil has the operational means (trained personnel, radars, airplanes, helicopters, etc.) to deal with threats through national airspace, it does not have the legal means. In order to solve the issue, it is necessary to prepare a normative act that establishes rules of engagement and amplifies the hypothesis of fit for the shoot down hostile aircraft, allowing it for other hypotheses that threaten national security Ver menos

Abstract: The present research, AEROSPACE DEFENSE AND SHOOT DOWN: A LEGAL ANALYSIS, based on documentary and bibliographical research, has the objective of verifying the existence in Brazil of a normative apparatus that makes possible the effective defense of the airspace against the threats of hostile aircraft. As it is, air space is a locus of vulnerability for security and defense issues, since aggressions against the national State, its citizens, assets and interests can be carried out through it. Since shoot down aircraft is understood as the coercive means used by the State to prevent the continued flight of aircraft classified as hostile aircraft, it is noted that the shoot down aircraft is an essential measure for the preservation of national security. It should be clarified that the shoot down aircraft is not confused with the death penalty. The shoot down aircraft has ontological, teleological and consequential differences in relation to the death penalty. Thus, the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 and the International Treaties (American Convention on Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, etc.) do not impede the shoot down aircraft. However, the procedure should be used as ultima ratio, with the sole aim of preventing the flight of the aircraft classified as hostile, and on flights which do not contain victims on board. With regard to flights containing victims on board, adequate are the teachings of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the German Federal Constitutional Court has learned that the State can not decide which lives are worth more, in flight (crew and passengers) or surface (other citizens). In Brazil, the shoot down aircraft is provided for in the Brazilian Aeronautical Code in its article 303, however, the device needs legal regulation to be applied. At present, Decree 5,144 / 2004 has disciplined the shoot down aircraft, but restricted its application only to the hypothesis of aircraft suspected of illicit traffic in narcotics, a logical corollary, to a series of other issues that are much more serious than the traffic in narcotics, such as terrorism, there is no regulation, making the nationals, assets and interests of the country vulnerable. In this process of understanding, even though Brazil has the operational means (trained personnel, radars, airplanes, helicopters, etc.) to deal with threats through national airspace, it does not have the legal means. In order to solve the issue, it is necessary to prepare a normative act that establishes rules of engagement and amplifies the hypothesis of fit for the shoot down hostile aircraft, allowing it for other hypotheses that threaten national security Ver menos